Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm.
Identifieur interne : 000660 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000659; suivant : 000661Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm.
Auteurs : Giuseppe Lippi [Italie] ; Fabian Sanchis-Gomar [Espagne, États-Unis] ; Brandon M. Henry [États-Unis]Source :
- Annals of translational medicine [ 2305-5839 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The "novel" coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated "COVID-19") is the third coronavirus outbreak emerging during the past two decades. This infectious disease, sustained by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite the concerning epidemiological burden, many people, including some policymakers, are underestimating this pandemic and are remaining enigmatically inactive against a human pathology which, for a combination of reasons, can be reasonably defined as a perfect storm (i.e., the "wrong virus" at the "wrong time"). These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. Everybody should be inexcusably aware that this is not a drill, and that the consequences of inadequate action will be tragedy.
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.157
PubMed: 32395541
PubMed Central: PMC7210187
Affiliations:
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Henry</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of translational medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">2305-5839</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The "novel" coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated "COVID-19") is the third coronavirus outbreak emerging during the past two decades. This infectious disease, sustained by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite the concerning epidemiological burden, many people, including some policymakers, are underestimating this pandemic and are remaining enigmatically inactive against a human pathology which, for a combination of reasons, can be reasonably defined as a perfect storm (i.e., the "wrong virus" at the "wrong time"). These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. Everybody should be inexcusably aware that this is not a drill, and that the consequences of inadequate action will be tragedy.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32395541</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2305-5839</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Annals of translational medicine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ann Transl Med</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>497</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.21037/atm.2020.03.157</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The "novel" coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated "COVID-19") is the third coronavirus outbreak emerging during the past two decades. This infectious disease, sustained by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite the concerning epidemiological burden, many people, including some policymakers, are underestimating this pandemic and are remaining enigmatically inactive against a human pathology which, for a combination of reasons, can be reasonably defined as a perfect storm (i.e., the "wrong virus" at the "wrong time"). These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. Everybody should be inexcusably aware that this is not a drill, and that the consequences of inadequate action will be tragedy.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippi</LastName><ForeName>Giuseppe</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanchis-Gomar</LastName><ForeName>Fabian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henry</LastName><ForeName>Brandon M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>China</Country><MedlineTA>Ann Transl Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101617978</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2305-5839</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Outbreak</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">epidemics</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.157). GL serves as an unpaid Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Translational Medicine from Feb 2020 to Jan 2022. FSG serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Annals of Translational Medicine from Mar 2019 to Feb 2021. BMH has no conflicts of interest to declare.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32395541</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.21037/atm.2020.03.157</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">atm-08-07-497</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7210187</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Euro Surveill. 2020 Feb;25(5):</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32046819</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 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